The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. The handbook is complemented by two companion documents: Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook, and Microcomputers in OS/2 will continue to be used in special The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. microprocessor/ processor. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. MIS 3371 Management information systems - Chegg Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. True False The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Customers got a machine with a 233-MHz G3 processor, 4GB hard drive, 32MB of RAM, a CD-ROM drive, and a 15" monitor. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. workstations. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Subject. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Types of Software used in Business - MBA Knowledge Base IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. spreadsheet program One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. 1951. What is the function of an IEP generator? Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. When was the word "computer" first used? The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. It has pre-programmed curricular material. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. . Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. most important part of computer. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? 0.5 out of 0.5 points. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. MADDIDA was flown across the country for a demonstration to John von Neumann, who was impressed. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. Solved Until recently, good microcomputer software for - Chegg Description. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. Definition. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. The first microcomputers (images) - CNET Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Customers included US military as well as industry. These tables were later confirmed by using more modern computers for the actual flights. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. Microsoft MS-DOS early source code - CHM The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. Level. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. What software was the first available for microcomputers? The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry.