Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. a failed coup d'tat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi party's Fhrer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. For Germany and Italy, Spain was a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. The Civil War took place because the rising was successful only in Old Castile, in Navarra, where Carlist support was decisive, and, of the larger towns, in Zaragoza, Sevilla, Crdoba, Valladolid, and Cdiz. Renews March 10, 2023 Moltke divided the forces on the western to counter the Russian army, greatly weakening his army and forcing them to retreat. support was not enough. pact in which Chamberlain accepted the seperation of the Sudetenland from the Czechs. The Triple Entente was formed because France, after forming the entente cordiale with Britain, wanted to reconcile its other ally, Russia, with Britain. At first it looked as if the plan would work, but Russia was able to mobilize its army much faster than anyone had anticipated and penetrated the border of East Prussia. It began in the United States and quickly spread to Europe and every part of the world, with devastating effects in both industrialized countries and those which export raw materials. On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. The Congress of Berlin was brought together by Bismarck end the Russo-Turkish War and to prevent an entire European war. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. extent as the Republicans. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. The league was shaken twiceonce by the Congress of Berlin and again when the Balkans became disputed againbut remained until the forming of the Triple Alliance. a political slogan used by Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century. (one code per order). Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. Spanish Civil War This war broke out in 1936, and made the new European alignment that found the Western democracies on one side and the fascist states on the other clearer. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. AP euro chapter 28 Flashcards | Quizlet German Chancellor and Fuhrer during World War II, his aggressive tactics were a major factor in the initiation of the second World War. Europe was divided by the "iron curtain'. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the The strongly nationalistic PM of France during WWI, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. a British economist whose ideas, called Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on many governments' fiscal policies. Government of the unoccupied part of France after the countries defeat by Germany, French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970). The Paris Fair would give him an opportunity to bring the atrocities visited on the defenseless people of Guernica to the attention of the world, and so he set to work. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. consolidated support for the republic, and by May 1937 were entrenched in Such was the case in 20th-century Spain, where several years of attempted republican rule erupted into civil war, eventually giving way to a fascist dictatorship that lasted well into the 1970s . For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. Spanish Civil War | Holocaust Encyclopedia disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the emperor of Japan during WWII. The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal extreme right. One of the most striking images of 20th-century art, Guernica is a nightmare vision of violence, pain, and chaos. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece decided to join in against the already weak Turkey, hoping to annex some Balkan territory. The kite soared majestically over the treetops. The ruling Republican government, led by the socialist premiers Francisco Largo Caballero and Juan Negrn (18941956) and the liberal president Manuel Azaa y Daz, was supported by workers and many in the educated middle class as well as militant anarchists and communists. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . government took power. Eighty years on, Spain may at last be able to confront the ghosts of AP European History Textbook . It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, from January 14 to 24, 1943, to plan the European strategy of the Allies during World War II. Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence Despite the absence of a real legal basis, the ICRC managed to negotiate access to prisoners and organized help for civilians. Blum passed legislation extending the rights of the Arab population of Algeria. In March 1939 the remaining Republican forces surrendered, and Madrid, beset by civil strife between communists and anticommunists, fell to the Nationalists on March 28. If I've gotten a term wrong, join the "AP Euro - NDHS" Quizlet group, and you should be able to correct it. It was carried out specifically by removing those involved from positions of influence and by disbanding or rendering impotent the organizations associated with it. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. In response to this loss of good will, France shifted its policy and began to accept the fact that Germany was once again going to be a major player in central European politics. Wed love to have you back! Ferried back to Spain in Italian ships, under the leadership of the general Francisco Franco, the Nationalists, as they were called, took control of the Spanish central region, which supported the rising. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract works. A bit of a rabid dog. AP European History Chapter 29 Flashcards | Quizlet January 1939. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The English Civil War began a historical precedent in the way the monarchs are seen in Western Europe. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. However, this This was created by Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a secret conference. With only limited support from France, and none at all from He led a failed military coup against the democratically elected republican government. The Spanish-American War (article) | Khan Academy leftist volunteers were made up mostly of workers, who volunteered out of Among the most notable artistic responses to the war were the novels Mans Hope (1938) by Andr Malraux, Adventures of a Young Man (1939) by John Dos Passos, and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) by Ernest Hemingway; George Orwells memoir Homage to Catalonia (1938); Pablo Picassos painting Guernica (1937); and Robert Capas photograph Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain (1936). When the USS Maine sank, the United States believed the tragedy was the result of Spanish sabotage and declared war on Spain. 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. Omissions? creating and saving your own notes as you read. He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. Despite the division, the government managed to engage the greatest war effort since the First World War. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. The war ended on 1 April 1939, when the last Republican troops surrendered. The government of Spain's Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has started the process to open up a mass grave containing the remains of more than 33,000 victims of the country's 1936-39 civil war. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. Example 1. largest of the Nazi German concentration camps. The right reacted with fervor. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. instructors. The English Civil War: Summary, Causes, Effects & Timeline Bismarck signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887 to ensure Germany's safety. AP Euro (English Civil War) Flashcards | Quizlet The U.S. had frozen Japanese assets and cut off their oil supplies, which hindered Japan's plans for expansion. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. Legion of about 100 planes, which was largely responsible for the Guernica for a customized plan. Chamberlain flew to Munich to attend summit w/France, Italy & Germany; discussed future of Czechoslovakia; led to transfer of all Sudenten territories to Germany in return of Hitler promising respect sovereignty of remainder of Czechoslovakia, Nonaggression treaty between Russia and Germany allowing Germany to fight a one front war until Germany violated treaty by invading Russia, "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939, "Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack. However, in cities unprotected by the Civil Guard, the His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". This occupation cost the French the good will of the United Kingdom and the United States, who presumably thought this was too harsh an action and not warranted by the circumstances. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately. a 1922 novel by James Joyce, first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from 1918 to 1920, and published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. For each of the following sentences, tell whether the italicized word or word group functions as an adjective or an adverb. an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. He served longer as the leader of the Labour Party than anyone else in British history. Mussolini's Italy sent guns, tanks, Planes, and men. EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. Present were Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle. He was also a pastor and one of the leading thinkers in the neo-orthodox movement. By July 21 the rebels had achieved control in Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands (except Minorca) and in the part of Spain north of the Guadarrama mountains and the Ebro River, except for Asturias, Santander, and the Basque provinces along the north coast and the region of Catalonia in the northeast. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. List of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War A war of attrition began. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". It was Hitler's ultimate goal behind the Holocaust. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. an influential Swiss Reformed Christian theologian. the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. his people viewed him as a god. Nationalists, and civilians were gunned down as they fled the scene. It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. Think about the basics of teaching young people . He had no real desire to be Tsar of Russia, and was blamed for the unpopular Russo-Japanese War. by the end of March. This island was the site of the US's first invasion of Japanese-held territory. The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: Definition Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. Spanish-American War (practice) | Khan Academy General Francisco Franco Ch. The Spanish Civil War was triggered by a complex range of events that were highly significant not only for the future of Spain, but also for the development of European politics in 20 th century. The Loyalists and their international volunteers fled, or were captured, tortured and murdered. leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic. (p. 793), Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Spanish Civil War, (193639) Military revolt against the government of Spain. Franco became dictator of Spain until he died in 1975. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul use modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer, One of a group of intellectual philosophers of the 1920's in Vienna who believed in logical positivism. All About the Cold War - AP Euro. You can view our. This body drafted a liberal constitution granting universal suffrage, basic freedoms, separation of Church and state, secular control of mass education, and the nationalization of church property. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. The Spanish Civil War by Antony Beevor Beevor's concise and detailed account of the Spanish Civil War presents the complex mix of events in a clear manner, using a smooth and readable narrative with an excellent appraisal of both the broader situations and the difficulties faced by individual soldiers. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. Russian revolutionary, "Father of anarchy," critiqued Marxism, involved in the first international and led many revolts in Russia against the tsar, German republican govt 1919-1933, result of Treaty of Versailles and Kaiser Wilhelm's abdication, First German chancellor during Weimar Republic, a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I, a Polish-born Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Far from being just an internal event, the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 also had a great deal of global influence, attracting left-wing volunteers from all over the world to help .