When anticoagulants are prescribed, a prothrombin time (PT) test is used to evaluate its effectiveness. But if you do develop clots, be assured there are treatments that can help. The following supplements are theoretically capable of inhibiting VKAs, but their clinical effect is insignificant: Studies have shown that there is a 58% higher likelihood of achieving PT-INR values in the optimal therapeutic range of 2.0 to 3.0 if patients on VKA medication avoid herbal supplements or take them three or fewer times a week. If youve been diagnosed with DVT or a PE, youll have frequent follow-up appointments so your provider can check treatment progress. This mutation can increase your chance of developing abnormal blood clots, most commonly in your legs or lungs. Your child will have either the heterozygous or homozygous type, depending on whether the gene passed down from his or her other parent is normal (Factor V) or abnormal (Factor V Leiden). Your provider may think you have a clotting problem if you: There is no specific treatment for the mutation itself. Hereditary thrombophilia. You do need treatment with blood thinners if you have had a blood clot or develop one in the future. Your doctor can confirm that you have factor V Leiden with a blood test. How experienced is the lab at performing this test? What can I do to support a healthy pregnancy? There needs to be a balance of these proteins to make sure there is just enough clotting power: Factor V is one of the proteins needed to make blood form clots. In heterozygous carriers of this mutation, the risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism is about two to three in 1,000. PDF Factor V Leiden But you will have to be careful about how much fat and salt you are eating, as well, if you were told to limit them in your diet. Inherited thrombophilias in pregnancy. One of these factors is Factor V (FV) Leiden (rs6025), which is a missense variant caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the F5 gene. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Children who are healthy and do not have factor V Leiden will get a blood clot in one out of 50,000-100,000 . Factor V Deficiency or Owren's Disease |Causes|Symptoms|Treatment This test looks at how quickly the blood clots. The Best Foods to Eat for Promoting Healthy Cells, Your 4-Week Mediterranean Diet Meal Plan, Curated by a Dietitian-Chef, Ready to Try the DASH Diet? Enjoy a variety of foods from the 4 food groups. The risk increases with age: Having 1 Factor V Leiden gene (heterozygous type) slightly increases the chance of developing a blood clot. (On the contrary, these are all heart-healthy foods.). The normal blood clotting process goes to work right away when you get a cut platelets rush to the site to seal it, and a substance called fibrin aided by factor V helps the platelets to form a clot. A cough that produces bloody or blood-streaked sputum. If you have the homozygous type, your child will inherit a Factor V Leiden gene. Here's what foods they have in common, and how to build a healthy diet when you have factor V Leiden: Advertisement 1. 6. A genetic mutation (change) causes factor V Leiden. In situations where there is a greater chance of clotting (such as surgery, a leg cast, a serious illness or pregnancy) you may be treated with blood thinners until the risk has passed. Follow Canadas Physical Activity Guide. If you have this gene mutation, factor V is slow to turn off, and this can create a larger-than-needed clot, which could break off and start traveling through your body. Avoidance of alcohol-containing beverages during long flights. All rights reserved. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Blood clots in the deep veins in your legs (called deep vein thrombosis or DVT) or in your lungs (called pulmonary embolus or PE) can be dangerous. If you know you have the factor V gene mutation, you can work to make your body an inhospitable place for clots, starting with something under your control: your diet. Your doctor may suspect factor V Leiden if you've had one or more episodes of abnormal blood clotting or if you have a strong family history of abnormal blood clots. Most people with factor V Leiden never develop abnormal clots. Creator and celebrity fitness trainer Harley Pasternak says it's a lifestyle plan, not a diet. When you need health care or go to the hospital, tell your healthcare team that you have Factor V Leiden, so that they can plan the care you need. In your body, you have 100% of Factor V Leiden and no normal Factor V. This happens in less than 1 out of 100 people. You may not need to do anything other than lead a healthy lifestyle to minimize the risk of a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are expected to replace VKAs because of their increased safety margin. Anticoagulants are commonly used in the treatment of diseases in which there is an increased risk of blood clot formation. Recurrent fetal loss during the second or third trimester suggests an inherited thrombophilia or antiphospholipid antibody. But when a person is diagnosed with an acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), treatment with anticoagulants (blood thinners) will be necessary and should be started as soon as possible. of signs you need emergency medical attention or call 911. advice, care, or treatment. The NATIONAL BLOOD CLOT ALLIANCE works to advance #bloodclot awareness, prevention, diagnosis, & successful treatments to #stoptheclot. 0000007946 00000 n But your provider can help you keep your blood from clotting too much. If you have other chronic conditions such as diabetes, work with your health team to manage your health. Factor V Leiden. Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic Self-care therapies to support your reproductive health; When you are ready, talk with your health care provider for advice and help to lose weight. Retrieved on March 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Anticoagulant-Food-Drug-Interactions.aspx. Adults need approximately 1 microgram/kg body weight of vitamin K a day. The best diet to follow is one full of foods that support heart health, because these are also naturally good for your blood health. In a healthy individual who is bleeding, platelets and clotting factors or specific proteins form a clot to stop the bleeding. Counseling prior to taking birth control pills or before becoming pregnant. You probably wont know you have prothrombin gene mutation unless you have a specific blood test if/after you develop a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. This site is not designed to and does not provide medical advice, AHA: "Shaking the Salt Habit to Lower High Blood Pressure", Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health: "Vitamin K", AHA: "Understanding Your Risk for Excessive Blood Clotting", Using hormone therapy, including birth control pills, Immobility, either from lack of exercise, disability or sitting for long periods of time. Factor V Leiden thrombophilia. Symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism typically start getting better soon after specific treatment is started. They are prescribed to avoid the development of harmful blood clots. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Lean protein: Prioritize lean proteins such as chicken, turkey and lean beef. Whole grains: Choose whole grains like whole-grain bread, quinoa, farro and brown rice rather than refined grains, such as white bread, white rice, crackers and baked goods made with white flour. Factor V Leiden Treatment Related Questions Answered For children with one affected gene, the chance of getting a blood clot increases 10 times. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. Prevention and Treatment of Excessive Blood Clotting (Hypercoagulation). Factor V that becomes impaired can cause numerous issues with the health of the human blood. 0000001362 00000 n Miscarriages associated with factor V Leiden are more likely to occur later in pregnancy (after the first trimester). Have had clots two or more different times in the past. Everyone is born with two copies of the factor V pronounced factor five gene. People who have inherited factor V Leiden from only one parent have a 5 percent chance of developing an abnormal blood clot by age 65. If you want to increase the amount you're eating, your doctor can help you make the adjustment slowly, with appropriate adjustments to your medication. Youre might be wondering, Will this happen to me? Medications to treat this condition may require dietary restrictions. 0000006483 00000 n The plan does not address the differences in calorie needs of each individual. These medications (called anticoagulants) help to prevent clotting. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 10/04/2022. Factor V Leiden is a blood clotting disorder. This caution also extends to drug-food interactions. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Factor V is a protein that is needed for blood to clot properly. About 1 of every 250 Black people in America has the prothrombin gene mutation. For factor V Leiden, some basic questions to ask your doctor include: If your doctor recommends genetic testing, some questions you might want to ask the genetic specialist include: Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Blood Cancers & Disorders support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. This can be a life-threatening situation. You have 1 Factor V Leiden gene from one parent and 1 normal Factor V gene from your other parent. Hormones and birth control pills also increase womens risk of blood clots. Though exercise is an important part of the 5-Factor Diet, the recommended amount falls a bit short of the 150 minutes a week of aerobic activity coupled with strength training that most experts recommend. Make a donation. When you are ready, talk with your health care provider for advice and help to stop smoking. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017. Some hospitals do only the DNA test and not the screening test. There are 2 copies for Factor V gene, which are passed down from our parents. Does It Allow for Dietary Restrictions or Preferences? Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018. Healthy fats: Eat healthy fats each day such as olive oil, nuts, seeds and avocado. The clot remains in place while other enzymes repair the damaged blood vessel. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Factor V Leiden (FAK-tur five LIDE-n) is a mutation of one of the clotting factors in the blood. If I have children, do they need to be tested? Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Zoppi, Lois. 9th ed. Yes, those living with factor v Leiden should avoid any foods that contain a high level of vitamin K. (Green leafy vegetables are a big one). Factor V Leiden and activated protein C resistance. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. The Meat Effect: Protein, Carbs, and Your Diet. Because factor V Leiden is a blood clotting condition, you need to have a discussion with your health care team about your dietary restrictions if you are on a blood-thinning medication like warfarin. Posted May 16, 2017 by Rachael 1000 Good Foods If you have been diagnosed with Factor V Leiden, you should alter your diet to prevent excessive blood clotting. If you have the heterozygous type, there is a 50% chance that your child will inherit a Factor V Leiden gene from you. If you have never had a blood clot, you do not need treatment with blood thinners. Healthy fat (from fish such as salmon, tuna, mackerel, sardines, rainbow trout, or peanut oil, olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, Sugar-free drinks (water, sugar-free soda, coffee, tea, or an unsweetened energy drink). This mutation can increase your chance of developing abnormal blood clots, most commonly in your legs or lungs. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education; 2016. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Each 5-Factor five-ingredient meal must include all five must-have food groups: Protein (egg whites, fish, lean meats/poultry, fat-free dairy) Complex carbohydrates (vegetables, sweet potato,. Diseasemaps 2023, FACTORV LEIDEN AND LIVEDOID VASCULOPATHY SURVIVOR. 0000237253 00000 n Avoid foods high in vitamin k (leafy greens mostly), certain supplements, and avoid consuming too much alcohol. What are the chances of passing down the genetic mutation to my children? You might have heard that "you can't choose your family," and the same applies to the genes you inherit from them. The Top 5 Worst Foods for Your Heart, According to a Dietitian. >_IJ9D/\KwrokzHI7lw7B+Vefcr2L`/R6:s#oI`HlG&W|Az_hSafLG*!~?k{Xi|2`7Q\GcLb9'I |./(-k$Bw&uooR`";j$6GKE:t.0V* II'LX2Q074H4bXh. 3&&}o#Rf,M%>i_+23#_~Ub7{1e9O6I@iQ>,L8?@e"XFExot!^>P(@|` 9 ;90{7,N9|Xf@68-VQBaqL8E-u^5iT Id9l'U"ec BW">)W#idirh#Z>w(!($|1Pa_-780 E71>CCJ8VF}mAGLS!qqEb3 1AEd 'DG/syWtbhF#'. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. 0000236831 00000 n But not everyone with the prothrombin gene mutation and a history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism needs blood thinners during pregnancy. Hereditary thrombophilia. Symptoms of a blood clot depend on what part of your body is affected. . Factors that increase this risk include: Factor V Leiden can cause blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and lungs (pulmonary embolism). pph~~&"V: 9EP. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017. However, it is often advised to avoid foods high in Vitamin K. Below is a list of foods that should be avoided because of their . In addition, this mutation only increases the risk of vein clots (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). People with Factor V Leiden make an altered factor V protein as a result of a mutated gene. Deficiencies of antithrombin and proteins C/S, elevated fibrinogen levels, and other clotting disorders also raise risk. If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, please see the Green tea in high amounts could reduce PT-INR values. In the spring of 2010, I was working and felt that it was a little difficult to bend my right knee / walk - I felt very little swelling / heat so I thought little of it, especially in light of a prior history of having knee problems in that same leg. Information on diseasemaps.org is reported by users and is not medical advice. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Research is mixed concerning the weight loss advantage of eating smaller meals more often, but this may have other health benefits. The factor V Leiden mutation does not itself cause any symptoms. Venous thromboembolism. Want to talk about Multiple Myeloma: Anyone else? Youll spend roughly the same amount on groceries if you keep the bulk of your protein purchases to eggs, lean meats and poultry, and fat-free dairy, as opposed to seafood. 5. Be active in ways you enjoy. Some research shows that factor V Leiden impacts pregnancy. It is recommended that patients on anticoagulants drink two or fewer alcoholic drinks per day. Factor V Leiden resists the effects of Activated Protein C, so it takes longer to turn off Factor V Leiden. Factor V Leiden makes you more likely to develop: Its important to know that people with factor V Leiden wont necessarily develop DVT or PE. Soybean oil or soybean milk, as well as liver, has high vitamin K content, which may interfere with the action of VKAs. 0000003553 00000 n INR values of between 2.0 and 3.0 are considered effective therapeutic values while on anticoagulant therapy. Why Am I Still Anemic After Taking Iron Supplements? What about my children?. Depending on the severity of symptoms, other treatments may be necessary as well. Factor V Leiden (pronounced factor five) is the most common hereditary clotting disorder in the United States, present in 2 percent to 7 percent of Caucasians, less often in Hispanics and. In this interview, AZoM speaks to Rohan Thakur, the President of Life Science Mass Spectrometry at Bruker, about what the opportunities of the market are and how Bruker is planning on rising to the challenge. This is why Factor V Leiden is sometimes called Activated Protein C Resistance and why people with this mutation clot more than those without it. Some people do not have the normal Factor V protein. This happens because your body makes more of the Factor II (prothrombin) protein than you need for normal clot formation. Do you have any brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? Factor V Leiden (FAK-tur five LIDE-n) is a mutation of one of the clotting factors in the blood. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. 0000003332 00000 n Policy. Start With This 7-Day Meal Plan, 10 Effortless Ways to Finally Cut Down on Salt. Here are a few to help you start the conversation: Factor V is a coagulation factor, or protein, in your blood. Factor V Leiden (FAK-tur five LIDE-n) is a mutation of one of the clotting factors in the blood. Some issues that can be discussed with your doctor include: Other than the increased risk of developing DVT or PE, factor V Leiden may increase the risk of miscarriage or other pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, placental abruption (when the placenta separates too early from the wall of your uterus), and having a fetus that grows slower than is usual. Middeldorp S, Coppens M. Hereditary Thrombophilia. Factor V Leiden follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Stand up and walk around during long flights. But if you have a blood clotting disorder, your blood forms clots more easily than normal. Common Medications American Factor V Leiden Association Take frequent breaks during long car rides to get out and stretch your legs. Each part of the plan revolves around the number five. The majority of people born with this mutation will not develop an abnormal blood clot in their lifetime. Having 2 Factor V Leiden genes (homozygous type) makes the risk much greater . Anticoagulants and vitamin K interactions, Anticoagulants and herbal supplement and vitamin interactions, No benefit of low dose apixaban following acute COVID-19, Study finds fractionation of sulfated galactan from red alga can isolate its anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties, Meta-analysis finds intensified anticoagulation had no effect on short term mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. If you have factor V Leiden, you may have many questions. Your F5 gene controls the production of a protein called factor V, which helps your blood clot when needed (such as after an injury). Diets ideal for this include the Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet. If you notice any of these problems, call your doctor right away. Guide To Managing Factor V Leiden - HealthPrep.com This will help to avoid miscarriage or pregnancy complications for the following reasons: . It is advised that vitamin K intake through diet (chiefly through liver meats, high amounts of green leafy vegetables, and cranberry juice) also be closely monitored in such patients for the same reason. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. More info. Bauer KA. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31577252/), (https://www.stoptheclot.org/factor-v-leiden/). If you cant walk around, flex your ankles and point your toes up and down. About 1 of every 250 Black people in America has the prothrombin gene mutation. They may also suspect it if one or more of your biological family members have a history of blood clots. However, most people with this genetic mutation never develop these complications. And it provides simple recipes that promise no more than 5 ingredients and 5 minutes of prep time. Factor V Leiden: Symptoms, Cause, Diagnosis, and Treatment - WebMD Factor V Leiden is an inherited disorder. 0000002579 00000 n (https://www.stoptheclot.org/learn_more/prothrombin-g20210a-factor-ii-mutation-links/), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/excessive-clotting/excessive-clotting?query=prothrombin%20gene%20mutation). News-Medical. 8( x@YB.X0v@+::0Xv|@Q-s4>p03(/` `F0.oCD8}.n)2`b#jPv!A CPt k*6@)V+`b@@\crT0. Genetic and Rare Disease Information Center. endstream endobj 77 0 obj<> endobj 79 0 obj<>/Font<>>>/DA(/Helv 0 Tf 0 g )>> endobj 80 0 obj<> endobj 81 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 82 0 obj<> endobj 83 0 obj<> endobj 84 0 obj<> endobj 85 0 obj<> endobj 86 0 obj<> endobj 87 0 obj[/ICCBased 102 0 R] endobj 88 0 obj<> endobj 89 0 obj<> endobj 90 0 obj<>stream You should either contact your provider or go to the nearest Emergency Room if you think youre having a deep vein thrombosis. Its important to go to all of your appointments and talk to your provider about any questions or concerns you have. You should not rely on the information provided as a substitute for actual professional medical If you are overweight or obese, consider the benefits of losing weight. Current management strategies involve the use of pharmacotherapy, when indicated, in the event of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Zoppi, Lois. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6403/factor-v-leiden-thrombophilia. Vitamin K is found in the following foods: Flaxseed may inhibit the proper absorption of anticoagulants. Your provider will advise you on whether you need testing, as well as on the pros and cons of testing. The mutation does not cause any symptoms in and of itself. These include deep vein thrombosis, factor V Leiden, myocardial infarction, and polycythemia vera, among many others. Before becoming pregnant, talk with your doctor about how your risk of blood clots can be managed during pregnancy, childbirth and for 6 weeks postpartum. Results from the PT test are expressed as a ratio called the international normalized ratio (INR). Even if you develop a blood clot, prompt treatment can prevent a fatal outcome. These blood clots can be life-threatening. Some people do not have the normal Factor V protein. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. Clots can form in the veins near your bones that carry a lot of blood (deep veins), a condition called deep vein thrombosis. Factor V Leiden doesnt affect life expectancy in most people. Its important to learn the symptoms so you can seek immediate medical care. If you are heterozygous, theres a 50% chance that your children will get the mutation. Pruthi RK (expert opinion). Although the prothrombin gene mutation is the second most common inherited predisposition to a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, it is the weakest of all inherited clotting disorders in terms of risk of causing abnormal blood clots. Factor V is a protein that is needed for blood to clot properly. 0000001564 00000 n Women have a greater chance of developing a blood clot during pregnancy. The clotting action of Factor V is controlled by another protein called Activated Protein C. To stop blood from forming clots, Activated Protein C easily turns off Factor V. Activated Protein C does not work as well on the abnormal Factor V Leiden protein. As such, daily intake or extra supplementation with vitamin K is typically unnecessary to keep body stores at healthy levels. Fish oils may increase a patients INR level, and as such INR levels should be checked if a patient on anticoagulants begins to take significantly higher amounts of fish oil. If you believe .wpcdt-timer-24806 .wpcdt-clock .wpcdt-digits span{color: #ffffff;}.wpcdt-timer-24806 .wpcdt-clock{max-width: 640px;}, Carol McIntosh of Caroga Lake, New York was 32 when she was diagnosed with her first incident of deep vein, March is Blood Clot Awareness Month (BCAM), a time dedicated to spreading the word about blood clots and their potentially. Fatty fish: Aim for two servings of fatty fish each week, such as salmon, tuna and sardines. A mutation in your F5 gene causes this disorder, which follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. If you have factor V Leiden and have developed blood clots, anticoagulant medications can lessen your risk of developing additional blood clots and help you avoid potentially serious complications. National Library of Medicines list The nutrient can interact with blood-thinning meds, but the idea is not to avoid foods high in vitamin K, like broccoli, kale, spinach and collard greens. Effective measures to eliminate or reduce other risk factors for DVT or PE, such as smoking cessation, weight loss and having a more active lifestyle. An INR value of 1.1 or below is considered normal in healthy patients, with lower values indicating faster clotting, while higher values show slower clotting rate. Accessed June 4, 2018. How frequently do I need to have checkups. Why? What are my risks? Factor V Leiden - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic In general, its more common among people who are white in the U.S. and Europe. Cooking and shopping: Youll spend minimal time and effort on cooking if you stock your refrigerator and pantry with Pasternaks top picks for 5-Factor foods. In your body, you have 50% Factor V Leiden and 50% normal Factor V. This happens in about 5 out of 100 people of Caucasian decent. "Anticoagulant Food-Drug Interactions". https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism. This helps keep the blood flowing in your legs. In this article, News-Medical talks to Sartorius about biosensing and bioprocessing in gene therapy, Becoming a Vegetarian: Foods to Choose From. Eat well. Factor V Leiden: Care Instructions - Alberta Lockwood CJ, et al. But its important that these individuals discuss with their doctors what they should be aware of and what they can do to minimize the risk of DVT or PE. Ask your provider for resources to, Limit alcohol intake, and avoid it during long flights (it can lead to, Move around more. Lean protein: Prioritize lean proteins such as chicken, turkey and lean beef. In: Kaushansky K, Prchal JT, Burns LJ, Lichtman MA, Levi M, Linch DC, eds. This disorder affects factor V, as opposed to other proteins in your blood. Barbara Woodward Lips Patient Education Center. Factor V Leiden - MSN Cranberry juice and other cranberry products can alter the effects of anticoagulants. Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. If you are homozygous, you will pass the mutation on to your children. Dont buy ones from the store or wear them without talking to your provider first. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. It is important to note that alcohol also has some anticoagulant action and can protect adults from blood clots, although it is not recommended as a preventative measure for this purpose. Keep going to your follow-up appointments with your provider, especially if youre taking a blood thinner. When enough fibrin has been made, a substance called activated protein C (APC) inactivates factor V, helping stop the clot from growing any larger than necessary. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2023. If you have the disorder, you may never develop a blood clot. xref Talk with your health care provider about how to do this safely. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Talk to your provider to see if you should be taking a blood thinner. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34540419/), (https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Factor-V-Leiden-Thrombophilia), (https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/coagulation-factor-tests/), (https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/f5/), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (Miller Family). This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here.