Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. (1985). Hugh, Goldie. Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. [78] Raffia palm clothing (Efik: f Ndam) could also be exported from other communities especially when a community made the best raffia clothing. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. Names such as Okon became Hogan, Orok became Duke, Akabom became Cobham, Ene became Henry, Asibong became Archibong. The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. It is a male-only society, and members are bound by secrecy. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. Explain. [59] According to Rev. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. Okoho Efiom bore the twins at Nsutana and raised them up for years. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. Meat and fish are the major sources of protein in Efik cuisines. [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. The group is gaining grounds as it seems to incessantly predict the total destruction of the planet earth. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. What's significant about the black fraternities and sororities in America is that they also trace part of their lineage to the Ekpe society of southeastern Nigeria. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. The Ekpe society most likely originated among the Efik people of southern Nigeria and from there spread across other tribes and language groups in Southern Nigeria. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. 2017). The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. The Efik Language and Its Future. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Worn as personal wrappers during initiations and at social events, ukara cloth distinguishes Ekpe members. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. You are using an out of date browser. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. This is evident in a testimony by Isaac Parker, a ship-keeper who lived at Duke town in 1765 for 5 months. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. The missionaries who arrived in 1846 contributed to the changes in women's attire in Efik society. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. During his research, Miller has identified many cultural links between Africa and the Americas, particularly between Cuba, Nigeria and Cameroon, which share a common heritage. [10] The original seven clans are scattered between Cross River state and Akwa Ibom state and consist of Iboku (Duke town, Henshaw town, Creek town and Cobham town), Obutong, Adiabo, Mbiabo (Mbiabo Edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong, Mbiabo Ikoneto), Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Calabar. Updates? Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. Iboku, Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. The Neegee or Crocodile Society is considered evil by the Poro and Sande groups. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. Hope all is well. Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Among those who migrated with the Ngolo were various other nations who would later become part of the Oroko ethnic group. [9] The Efik have also been referred to as "Calabar people" in historical literature. The paper critically examined the Ekpe society in its indigenous form and nature prior the advent of Christianity, Western education and Western influence. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. An account from the Qua said the origin of the Ekpe people can be traced to Cameron. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. Hall Fund. Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. I'm a queer mom and my daughter has decided to attend an anti-gay Bible college. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. The Ekpe Masquerade Jun. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. Sunjata's victory against Sumaworo comes in part because: Sumaworo loses the support of his nephew, Fakoli. Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. Photo by Eli Bentor. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. Right now, Ekpe . The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . [33][35] The Efik came to her defence and the dispute escalataed[34] Legend has it that this was the last straw that led to the Uruan-Efik war (known in Efik as Ek Abasi-Anwan) which led to the exit of the Efik from the Uruan country. Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository Photo by Jordan Fenton. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. Efik traders played a major role during the era of the Transatlantic slave trade. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . Social importance is attached to the highest ranks of Ekpe-men, called the Amama. [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. La communaut cubaine Abakudescendante des communauts fik Ekp et Ejagham gb du Sud Est du Nigria et du Sud Ouest du Camerouna t fonde la Havane dans les annes 1830 par des leaders capturs des villages de Cross River. Members are bound by oath of secrecy, and fees on entrance are payable. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Omissions? No disrespect allowed. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. Ukara cloth also consecrates the interior of Ekpe lodges, where larger versions of the cloth hang as backdrops. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. . Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. [66] Collection of Eli Bentor. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. According to E.U. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. These drums are a regional phenomenon; they are not identified with any particular ethnic community, nor with any specific cultural group or initiation club. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. JavaScript is disabled. Osirica brotherhood is the root of all the mason societies, dating back around 2300 B.C. [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. [15] Ekereke and Ekereke further assert that the word was later changed to "Efik". During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. The tentative program is as follows: January 27th and 28th, 2012. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. According to him . Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. . Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." [42] K.K. But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . During the colonial era, The Efik language was the only language taught in schools in many parts of the present-day Cross River and Akwa Ibom state. Corrections? English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. The nsibidi may convey meaning either singularly or in groups, and each sign may be figurative, geometric, or abstract, or may represent a physical object, concept, or narrative. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. ,sister Watz. There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. Additional Touches Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. The history of the Efik is one of the most documented in subsaharan Africa. There are two distinct but related societies. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. The cloth is then dipped in indigo dye and hung to dry. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana.